Plate 48b The publication in 1963 of a paper concerned mainly with the identification of Richard's Pipits Anthus novaeseelandiae and Tawny Pipits A. campestris (Williamson 1963) was prompted by the number of reports being received by the Rarities Committee in which some confusion was apparent between the two. That paper and the letters which followed {Brit. Birds, 57: 211-216) greatly clarified what had previously been regarded as an evergreen problem in bird identification. Since then, Richard's Pipits have been recorded in Britain in comparatively large numbers each autumn, and there has been ample opportunity to test thoroughly in the field the sometimes rather tentative identification criteria put forward in those earlier appraisals. Because of the regularity of its occurrence, Richard's Pipit has now been removed from the list of species considered by the Rarities Committee, so this seems an opportune time to reassess the situation as a guide to observers unfamiliar with this bird. My own experience in Britain involves about ten Tawny and 20 Richard's Pipits closely studied for a total of many hours in field conditions. In compiling the following summary of the most useful and reliable differences, I have been greatly helped by reference to a sample batch of field descriptions from the files of the Rarities Committee : these have provided an invaluable cross-section of opinion and experience. D . j . Britton and R. J. Johns also made useful comments on an early draft of the paper from their extensive knowledge of the two species